1. Cuckoos ( not build ) anests. They ( use )  the nests of other birds.

2. You can’t see Tom now, he ( have ) a bath.

3. He usually ( drink ) coffee  but today he ( drink ) tea.

4. What she ( do ) in the evenings?

    She usually ( play )  cards or ( watch ) TV.

5. He usually ( speak ) so quickly ) that I ( not understand ) him.

6. Ann ( make ) a dress for herself at the moment.

    She ( make ) all her own clothes.

7. I can’t answer the phone now because I ( paper ) the sitting room walls.

8. The kettle ( boil ) now. Shall I make the tea?

9. Mary usually ( learn ) languages very quickly but she ( not seem )

    able to learn modern Greek.

10.Hardly anyone ( wear ) a hat nowadays.

11.Why you ( put on ) your coat?

     I ( go ) for a walk. You ( come ) with me.

     Yes, I’d love to come. You ( mind ) if I bring my dog?

12.I always ( buy ) lottery tickets but I never ( win ) anything.

13.He always ( say ) that he will mend the window but he never  ( do ) it.

14.Tom and Mr. Pit ( have ) a long conversation. I ( wonder ) what they talk about.

15.What he ( do ) to his car now? I think he ( polish ) it.

B. the verbs into The simple Past Tense or The Past Continuous Tense!

1. I lit the fire at 6.00 and it ( burn ) brightly when Tom came in at 7.00.

2. When I arrived the lecture had already started and the professor ( write )

    on the overhead projector.

3. I ( make ) a cake when the light went out.

4. I didn’t want to meet Paul so when he entered the room he ( stand ) up.

5. He ( have ) a bath when the phone rang. Very unwillingly he ( get ) out of

    the bath and ( go ) to answer it.

6. The admiral ( play ) bowls when he received news of the invasion.

    He ( insist ) on finishing the game.

7. My dog ( walk ) along quietly when Mr. Pitt’s Pekinese attacked him

8. When I arrived she ( have ) lunch. She apologized for starting without

    me but said that she always ( lunch ) at 12.30.

9. I share a flat with him when we were students.

    He always ( complain ) about my untidiness.

10.He suddenly ( realize ) that he ( travel ) in the wrong direction.

11.He ( play ) the guitar outside her house when someone opened

     the window and ( throw ) out a bucket of water.

12.I just ( open ) the letter when the wind ( blow ) it out of my hand.

13.When I ( look ) for my passport I ( find ) this old photograph.

14.He ( clean ) his gun  when it accidentally ( go ) off and ( kill ) him.

15.While the guests ( dance ) thieves ( break ) into the house and ( steal )

     a lot of fur coats.

( if, unless, because, although, whether or not,

because of, in spite of, regardless of )

A. Change the sentences with unless  to  sentences with  if  or vice versa!

Example :

1. John will buy a new bicycle unless he can fix his old one today.

    *John will buy a new bicycle if he can’t fix his old one today.

2. John usually goes to the movies on Friday if he doesn’t have to study.

    *John usually goes to the movies on Friday unless he has to study.

1. John might go to New York unless it costs too much.
2. Paul will never know where you live if you don’t tell him.
3. I am going to Florida unless I get a good job here.
4. I can’t buy any new shoes if you don’t give me any money.
5. Joe will take the bus unless he has a date.
6. I can’ t work this algebra problem if you don’t help me.
7. John will call Mary if he has time.
8. I like to go swimming if the water is warm enough.
9. I’ll go to the movies if I finish my homework.
10. John will go swimming if the sun comes out.

B. Combine the two sentences using because  or  although.

1. John went swimming yesterday. The weather was nice.
2. Mary stayed at home yesterday. She had a headache.
3. Mr. Miller worked hard. It was very hot.
4. John help Mary write the letter. It was easy for him.
5. John completed the course. It was difficult.
6. Susan drove from New York to California. Her car was very old.
7. John is studying English here. His father wants him to.
8. John can’t go home for two years. He is very homesick.

C. Answer the questions using whether or not !

Example :

X : Do you study if you are tired?

Y : I study whether or not I am tired.

1. Can John understand American when they speak fast?

2. Can you finish your homework before the movies If I help you?

3. Do you like to study before dinner if  you are tired?

4. Do you want to go to the movies if there is a good television program?

5. Do you like your friends to visit you when you are studying?

6. Do you want to get something to eat after the movie if itsn’t too late?

D. Make sentences with because of,  in spite of  or  regardless of !

1. Mary stayed home yesterday because she had a headache.

2. George wanted to go there although the road wasn’t very good.

3. George couldn’t answer the letter immediately because

    he had a lot of homework to do.

4. I wear a raincoat whether or not the weather is nice.

5. Betty went too although her mother didn’t want her to.

6. I am going to go to Chicago whether or not John goes.

7. We decided to go to Fish Lake although the distance was great.

8. Linda continues to study whether or not the television program is good.

9. Joe started home at 6.00 although Betty wanted to stay longer.

10. Mr. Jones moved to Australia because the state has a dry climate.

1. I wish I ( know ) his name.

2. I’d rather you ( go ) home.

3. I would have helped you if only ( hear ) about your trouble.

4. If only he ( not eat ) so much garlic.

5. If only he ( not eat ) so much chili last night.

6. I felt as if my head ( be ) on fire last night.

7. The countryman acted as though he ( be ) a wise man.

8. The man wished he  ( not kill ) the goose.

9. The dog wouldn’t have dropped his meat if only he ( not open ) his mouth.

10.He wished as though he never ( meet ) her.

B. Write the facts of the following sentences!

1. My father works in an office all the time.

    I wish he worked outdoors.

2. I wish the other people spoke as clearly as you do.

3. My wife is a good dancer. I wish she were also a good cook.

4. If only we didn’t go out tonight.

5. Ann acted as if she could drive a tractor.

6. We can only get to the stadium on foot.

    I wish we could get there by bus.

7. I would rather they helped us.

8. The weather is awful. I wish the rain would stop.

C. Write the following sentences using Subjunctives!

1. Alice doesn’t live in the city.

    Her mother wishes …………………

2. Paul can’t drive a car.

    If only ………………………………

3. They don’t sell groceries here.

    We would rather they ………………

4. John isn’t going with us.

    We wish ……………………………

5. The students didn’t understand the lesson.

    The students acted as though ………

6. I can’t play tennis as well as you.

    I wish ………………………………

7. The dentist doesn’t work on Sundays.

    The people wish …………………..

8. You don’t know the director.

    You talked as if ……………………

9. John isn’t coming to class today.

    She wishes ………………………..

10.Mary doesn’t play bridge.

     I would rather  ……………………

01. X : Did she live in the dorm last year?

      Y : I conclude that she did.

      She ………………………

02. X : Did she decide to get a jonb?

      Y : I think it’s possible.

      She ………………………

03. X : Did she save her money?

      Y : It was desirable, but she didn’t.

      She ………………………

04. X : Did she stay with her sister?

      Y : She had that opportunity but she didn’t stay.

      She ……………………….

05. X : Did she sell her car?

      Y : I conclude that she did.

      She ……………………….

06. X : Does she own a bicycle?

      Y : I conclude that she does.

      She ………………………

07. X : Did she shop by phone?

      Y : She had that opportunity but she didn’t shop by phone.

      She ………………………

08. X : Did she invite her uncle?

      Y : It was desirable, but she didn’t.

      She ………………………

09. X : Did she forget to mail the letter?

      Y : I think its possible.

      She ………………………

10. X : Did she hear us come in?

      Y : I conclude that she did.

      She ………………………

11. X : Did she find your address in the phone book?

      Y : I think it’s possible.

      She ………………………

12. X : Did she look in the wrong book?

      Y : I think it’s possible.

      She ………………………

13. X : Is she a very good dancer?

      Y : I conclude that she is.

      She ………………………

14. Did she help you clean the typewriter? It was desirable, but she didn’t.

      She ………………………

15. X : Did she ride in the car with us?

      Y : She had that opportunity, but she didn’t ride with us.

      She ………………………

16. X : Did she tell the children not to sing?

      Y : I think it’s possible.

      She ………………………

Combine the two sentences with so and too, neither and either, or but!

01. He is taking a course in French now.

She is taking a course in French now.

02. He studies every night.

She studies every night.

03. He has to take the exam.

She has to take the exam.

04. He should study for it tonight.

He should study for it tonight.

05. He passed the last exam.

She passed the last exam.

06. John and Mary have to do a lot of homework.

We have to do a lot of homework.

07. They had to study last night.

We had to study last night.

08. He has to learn Spanish.

She has to learn Spanish.

09. John was here yesterday.

Paul was here yesterday.

10. Mr. and Mrs. Thomson will come to the party.

Their children will come to the party.

11. The teacher shouldn’t arrive late.

We shouldn’t arrive late.

12. Rifki didn’t arrive late yesterday.

Amir didn’t arrive late yesterday.

13. Mr. Hill doesn’t play volley ball very well. Mr.

Smith doesn’t play volley ball very well.

14. My shoes weren’t expensive.

My suit wasn’t expensive.

15. They won’t go to the store.

I won’t go to the store.

16. I shouldn’t eat more for breakfast.

You shouldn’t eat more for breakfast.

17. Philip wasn’t in Chicago.

Mary wasn’t in Chicago.

18. Mary can’t go to the dance tomorrow night.

John can’t go to the dance tomorrow night

19. Mother didn’t watch television last night.

Father didn’t watch television last night.

20. Uruguay isn’t a very big country.

Brazil isn’t a very big country.

21. John lives in the city.

George doesn’t live in the city.

22. Paul and George never go to the movies.

John goes to the movies.

23. Bob often sees john.

We rarely see John.

24. Mary didn’t arrive early.

Her friends arrived early.

25. John didn’t know the answer.

George knew the answer.

26. John doesn’t like hot dog.

Andrew likes hot dog.

27. John bought a new radio.

Richi didn’t buy a new radio.

28. Rina isn’t going to have a cup of coffee.

Andi is going to have a cup os coffee.

A. Write the verbs in the brackets in the appropriate forms.

1. If I ( go ) to the cinema, I would have watched an interesting film.

2. If the weather had been nice, we ( play ) football.

3. The car ( not break down ) if you had checked it before.

4. You ( understand ) the film if you had read the book.

5. The weather in the pond would have been warmer if the sun ( shine ).

6. If Vita had learnt more words, she ( write ) a good report.

7. My parents ( buy ) the house if the man had not sold it to someone else.

8. If the police had not stopped me, I ( reach ) your house on time.

9. If Ruko ( not miss ) the train, he would have arrived home on time.

10.We could have helped Fani if we ( understand ) the problems.

B. Write the facts of the following sentences !

1. I would have been in Jakarta if the bus had not got an accident.

2. If the plane took off on time, we wouldn’t be late for the opening of the seminar.

3. If he had come on time, he would have got the job.

4. I would but those shoes if they were cheaper.

5. If women in the late 1960s had been given equal rights as men,

there would not have been ‘women’s liberation’ movement.

6. Were the company fair in giving bonuses, the employees wouldn’t go on strike.

7. If the company appreciated Tony’s success in increasing its market share,

he would have not thought of leaving the country.

8. If Angga had chosen to play football instead of going to Puncak with his friends on

their motorbikes, he would not have got that terrible accident.

9. Mary would bring an umbrella if she knew it was going rain.

10. George would raise his hand if he didn’t understand something.

11. Mr. Miller would work in the garden if he needed exercise.

12. I would have bought a new car if you had lent me some money.

13. Mary would go to the party if you sent her a special invitation.

14. Andi would watch television if he didn’t have so much homework.

15. Alfred would have gotten mad if George had raised his hand too often.

Orientation

Because my husband, John, tends to snore, I rarely get more than a couple of hours sleep each night. When he awakens refreshed in the morning, he’s always astonished to find that he has been the cause of another sleepless night for me.

Events

One night John had severe allergy symptoms, so he took some medication before he went to bed. To my surprise, he fell into a deep sleep, allowing me to nod off comfortably too. I awoke to find him shaking me. “What’s the matter?” I asked, trying not to sound irritable. “Are you in pain?” “No,” he said, “but the drugs have worn off, and I can’t sleep.” I stared at him in exhausted disbelief. “What do you want me to do about it?” I said through clenched teeth.

Twist “Oh, nothing,” he replied. “I just wanted you to

know.”

-Bernadette Payne-

Taken from Reader’s Digest, July 2000

by Harper Lee

Warner Books

Reviewed by Rodman Philbrick

Introductory Paragraphs/Orientation

I’ve never been to Alabama, but novelist Harper Lee made me feel as if I had been there in the long, hot summer of 1935, when a lawyer named Atticus Finch decided to defend an innocent black man accused of a horrible crime. The story of how the whole town reacted to the trial is told by the lawyer’s daughter, Scout, who remembers exactly what it was like to be eight years old in 1935, in Maycomb, Alabama.

Scout is the reason I loved this book, because her voice rings so clear and true. Not only does she make me see the things she sees, she makes me feel the things she feels. There’s a lot more going on than just the trial, and Scout tells you all about it.

Body Paragraphs/Interpretative Recount

A man called Boo Radley lives next door. Very few people have ever seen Boo, and Scout and her friends have a lot of fun telling scary stories about him. The mystery about Boo Radley is just one of the reasons you want to keep turning the pages to find out what happens in To Kill a Mockingbird.

To Kill a Mockingbird is filled with interesting characters like Dill, and Scout makes them all seem just as real as the people in your own hometown. Here’s how Scout describes Miss Caroline, who wore a red–striped dress: “She looked and smelled like a peppermint drop.”

The larger theme of the story is about racial intolerance, but Scout never tries to make it a “lesson,” it’s simply part of the world she describes. That’s why To Kill a Mockingbird rings true, and why it all seems so real.

Conclusion/Evaluation

Even though the story took place many years ago, you get the idea that parts of it could happen today, in any town where people distrust and fear each other’s differences.

In a just world an innocent man should be found not guilty. But if you want to know what this particular jury finally decides and what happens to Scout and Jem and Dill and Boo Radley and the rest of the people who live and breathe in To Kill a Mockingbird, you’ll have to read the book..

Taken from http://www.indiana.edu/